| ---------------------------------------- Summary ---------------------------------------- Summary / Comments Mental Health Analysis - Sweden ---------------------------------------- SOURCE (unless otherwise marked) Pauliina Patana LINK | here ---------------------------------------- Suicide Suicide prevention on the official agenda since 2008. 20% of all suicides in Sweden by mental services inpatients [p.40] Men with less education commit suicide at greater rate than men with post-secondary degree education. Reverse trend in women: less educated women, less likely to commit suicide. 2008 Swedish parliament launched National Program for Suicide Prevention. Work related stress on the rise since mid-1990s. Deterioration in work (stress levels rise etc) since the early 1980s. Some downturn in the trend beginning 2001, but not so for the young. Work related mental health claims on rise for those to 29 years old.
- PR destigmatisation spin to public re mental health / judge to have had 'overall positive impact' Swedish hiring practice: seniority rule = last in, first out pursuant to: Swedish Employment Protection Act *notwithstanding rules on priority, employee who has made reduced work / special duties arrangement shall be given priority for continued work (if this can be done w/out serious inconvenience) *objective grounds required to make dismissal legal (ie beyond mental health factor) Those with mental health issues can be locked out of employment due to employment protection legislation locking in such persons in current positions. Increased tendency to switch jobs more often & increase of temporary contracts a disadvantage for this group. Youth Mental Health Workplace Issues Transit from education into adult employment, issues tend to arise. Young men Sweden mental disorder twice average rate / young women anxiety & depression more likely. 15-24 age group = over one-third disability claims. Swedish youth mental health on decline - self-injury rates high for this group. Women higher than men in the self-injury hospitalised category 2009-2011 (over twice number females). 25-44 year olds, drop in self-injury rate. OECD report 'Sick on the Job?' attributes higher figures mental illness rates to reduced stigma rather than trending mental illness. Remedy re disability scheme under 30s / vocational rehab, prolonged schooling study grant in lieu of 'disability benefit entitlement' + policies adapting labour market to encouraging hiring of young comment: this approach hides the figures of mentally ill - they become students Sweden - trade unions & professional orgs important role / majority in health services are members professional unions 43,000 doctors in Sweden 2011 EXTERNAL INFO - Physicians (per 1,000 people) | random pop. google First year sickness benefits 80% income for first year, thereafter 75% / exceptions: incl. very serious illness can receive 80% with no time limit Young Adults mental health benefits - Activity Compensation, max 3 years at time, 64% of average or 3 highest prior gross yearly incomes w/in certain time frame - or fixed guarantee on persons age (19-29) max. guarantee, SEK 104,304 pa in 2014 COMMENT: *if I understand correctly, this advantages higher income earners in relation to lower income earners (it should be flat figure support for all) Mental health Sickness Compensation to adults 30 years old or older, are permanent (not 3-yearly per Activity Compensation). Mental health disorders 'significant burden' in this context -- mental disorders incl. depression, schizophrenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, mental disabilities, personality disorders, drug abuse -- combined w/ musculoskeletal disorders = 75% of all new disability claims (women) - 2006 = 65% of all new disability claims (men) - 2006 2012 Switzerland has the most psychiatrists per population, followed by: Ireland, Norway, France, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Luxemboug, Netherlands, UK, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Israel, Canada, Australia. Last are: Mexico, Turkey, Chile, Korea, Poland, Spain etc. Sweden: reported shortage practising psychiatrists - regional - forced to employ temp shrinks - continuity of care affected. Online self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for panic & depression. Works just as well w/ panic disorder as traditional treatment. Depression OK if caught early. Later stages & higher severity or more frequent episodes, respond less well. COMMENT: Sweden is nuts: SEK 1-BILLION to this online CBT nonsense pledged ... somebody's making a sh*tload of money for nothing / may as well have given cash payouts to patients ... bet their outlook would have improved. Psychiatric beds: halved since 1995 2012: x46 psych beds per 100,000 pop. beds down b/c Sweden's long process of 'deinstitutionalisation' & outpatient units in general hospitals, dismantling of mental institutions). beds down but HOUSING SERVICE INCREASED Top places to go for psych beds (2013): Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Norway, Czech, Switzerland, Korea Countries with least psych beds (2013): Mexico, Turkey, Chile, Italy, NZ, Australia, Israel, Iceland, Sweden (in that order). Municipal social services provide housing & employment for those with mental disabilities. Municipalities assumed financial responsibility for housing of individuals w/in hospital, who have no housing alternatives (post deinstitutionalisation drive) in 1990 (at 20%). 1990s, state grants used for development of group homes. Municipalities are responsible for GENERAL POPULATION provision of housing support also. *those affected by mental illness must be able to prove mental impairment is not result of ageing, is enduring & causes significant daily difficulties & they must prove their needs are not met in 'present conditions'. COMMENT: the group most likely to be most adversely impacted by high immigration rates Those that qualify receive aid for independence living, to get own housing / ie standard flat private or public sector or special flat for certain groups. For those with higher need levels, sheltered housing options & full or part-time staff. Sliding scale charges for those with income. 2003 study: 8,000 accommodations = two-thirds 'home-like' & one-third 'institution-like' Housing shortages in some municipalities have meant having to shuffle mental health patients around municipalities. Stockholm - this took place 43% of the time, compared to the average rate of 20% of shuffling mental patients. Past 'few years' rising mental health disorders children & adolescents. Action plan; 2012-2016, child / youth mental health priority Among various, incl. aim to keep special needs children w/in mainstream schools (with assistance). Mandatory primary school = 'Grandskola' - 7 yrs to 16 yrs Elective secondary school = 'Gymnasieskola' 2 streams: higher education or vocational schooling Special schools for those with more severe functional problems 2009 - 22% of population - ie approx 2 million = children - 05% = psychiatric issues treatment p.a. - 15% = psychiatric services contact, childhood or adolescents *majority: hyperactivity / likewise for men 18-24 Comment: 'hyperactivity' is probably undiagnosed Antisocial Personality Disorder or the like ... lol Especially when we're talking 18-24 year old bracket. Girls: 18-24 - large proportion of anxiety disorders Forensic Mental Health / Crime / Serious Mental Disturbance *persons sentenced to MANDATORY MENTAL CARE --- SWEDEN: impossible to plead 'not guilty' by reason of insanity / all offenders considered responsible. However, those that commit crime while considered suffering from mental condition such offender: SENTENCED to FORENSIC psychiatric treatment *person with severe mental disorder cannot be sentenced to prison *instead, taken into custody under Compulsory Care Act 2010 - Forensic Care Patients - 1,476 total
* where's the gender equality? lol C'mon, ladies ... must remedy this injustice! Sweden = x31 forensic psychiatric clinics - 94% treatment of forensic cases balance in general psychiatric clinics Primary goals forensic: -- prevent recidivism (national rate just under 21%)* -- reduce recurrence mental illness -- reduce recurrence of substance abuse average period of care: 5 years *recidivism reporting study not reliable b/c study on self-reporting basis / access to criminal records denied by Swedish legislation 2011 study says that forensic psychiatric treatment effective / but study would rely on self-reporting, so it is not exactly reliable COMMENT: records should be made available to interested public / minus identifying features Reportedly 11% reoffenders of study population vs. 28% among (presumably like) prison study Could be due to: -- individualised psych treatment -- comprehensive support / programs -- transitional accommodation Primary minority groups in Sweden listed as 'National Minorities':
- Tornedalen - Roma - Swedish Finns - Sami (high rate suicidal thoughts reindeer herders) *low trust in national institutions / limited tendency to seek help Remedies in pipeworks Other non 'national minority' ethnic minorities in Sweden: / demographic shaped by arrivals from: Middle East, Africa, Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Balkans 2012 - Sweden: -- 7% of population foreign citizens -- 15.4% foreign born [total: 22.4%] COMMENT: not clear to me what the distinction is between foreign born & 'foreign citizens' Psychiatric Medication -- ethnic groups prescribed analgesics & antidepressants at high rate than Swedish-born -- Swedish born get: hypnotic & sedative drugs at higher rate Primary care practitioners prescribe benzos more frequently than psychiatrists Minorities receive primary (as opposed to psychiatric) care more often *reason: language barrier to behaviour / psychotherapeutic therapies 'National minorities' - 2009 - new govt policy & ratification of Council of Europe minority conventions = equipping national minorities w/ what they require to:
to support Mental Service Act in equal care efforts somehow, the National Minorities legislation will equalise the Mental Health factor Mental Health Financing 21 Councils general taxation system 80 % of total health care through regional taxation 15-20% through state grands patient fees, only small part *councils to purchase healthcare for inhabitants through district regional healthcare usually: GPs & other are salaried or contracted & county councils own the majority of hospitals High degree of autonomy granted to County councils / varying hospital payment practices across Sweden Payment info detailed. Sweden total health spending = 9.1% GDP 2012 Private health care not widespread / mainly paid by employers. Voluntary health insurance on the rise since 2000. Significantly higher spending on special psych care in: Stockholm vs. other regions Demonstrated rise in mental health issues in metropolitan areas Young populations tend to need more mental heath care / but age is not necessarily a factor: Stockholm young pop. & high psych care costs but Uppsala also young pop. but care costs in line with national average 2012 - 2016 - extended action plan / mental illness: incl. policy towards structural reform re vulnerable groups requiring more targeted mental health care / also seek to address weaknesses in system highlighted by high profile homicides by mentally ill persons 2007-2011 initiative: improving housing, daily activities, national planning & coordination, general & forensic care standards setting, & national monitoring system. 2012-2016 action plan: SEK 870 million per annum in tandem with SALAR / initiative to use economic incentives to local authorities to improve mental health services groups that require outreach: 1. children & youth 2. those w/ significant psychiatric problems improving employment among those w/ mental health issues also a priority Expect a progress report: 2017 SOURCE (unless otherwise marked) Pauliina Patana LINK | here ---------------------------------------- COMMENT
This was interesting.
Got slack in some parts of this summary, so I'd give my summary maybe an 80-90% for details. Anyone that's interested in complete content can link the document. Cannot believe the amount of money Sweden is spending on some nonsense online behavioural program. Has it occurred to anyone that it works just as well as conventional treatments because those persons that are caught early blah blah blah are apt to recover of their own accord, as they've got some mild issues etc and that they're bound to adapt to coping mentally/emotionally eventually? What an utter waste of money. Money spent poorly, Sweden. Are the Swedes on drugs, or something? This is going to sound awful, but I found this remark humorous:
The high profile murders by mental patients mention would maybe indicate that Sweden's deinstitutionalisation policy maybe isn't going all that well? On the other hand, it's been since the mid-1990s that deinstitutionalisation commenced (I believe), so maybe it's the imported crazies that are running amok instead, as the home-grown ones sound too sedated to bother (hypnotic & sedative consumers). It seems to me that councils have too much money and power in Sweden, but I could be wrong. It's just the first impression I have. If Sweden has 7 year olds and teenagers in the same school, there might be some problems with that. On second look, I think they just mean that's the minimum or mandatory education in Sweden, but the pupils are not necessarily educated together. The feminist government in Sweden might want to find out why women with higher education qualifications seem to want to top themselves much more frequently than their less empowered super-sisters. Taking the piss again about suicide. Whoever would have thought death could be so funny. Uh-oh. Maybe I'm tired; I'm finding everything funny. lol Oh, I just found another funny: Sweden's feminists are under-represented in the forensic psychiatric care patient department ... LMAO. The supposedly 'hyperactive' boys are probably baby psychopaths, and the 18-24 year olds running amok? Most definitely. LOL ---------------------------------------- Europa-Evropa ᛞ
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1900: Europe had QUARTER of world population.
1900: Europe had 3 times population of Africa.
2050: Europe forecast: 7 per cent of world population.
2050: Europe forecast: one-third population of Africa.
Decades: Indigenous European population displacement by non-Europeans.
 Europeans are endangered.
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Thursday 28 January 2016
Summary - Mental Health Analysis - Sweden
